python✓ تایید شده

محتوای SKILL.md

---
name: python
description: Python coding guidelines and best practices. Use when writing, reviewing, or refactoring Python code. Enforces PEP 8 style, syntax validation via py_compile, unit test execution, modern Python versions only (no EOL), uv for dependency management when available, and idiomatic Pythonic patterns.
---

# Python Coding Guidelines

## Code Style (PEP 8)

- 4 spaces for indentation (never tabs)
- Max line length: 88 chars (Black default) or 79 (strict PEP 8)
- Two blank lines before top-level definitions, one within classes
- Imports: stdlib → third-party → local, alphabetized within groups
- Snake_case for functions/variables, PascalCase for classes, UPPER_CASE for constants

## Before Committing

```bash
# Syntax check (always)
python -m py_compile *.py

# Run tests if present
python -m pytest tests/ -v 2>/dev/null || python -m unittest discover -v 2>/dev/null || echo "No tests found"

# Format check (if available)
ruff check . --fix 2>/dev/null || python -m black --check . 2>/dev/null
```

## Python Version

- **Minimum:** Python 3.10+ (3.9 EOL Oct 2025)
- **Target:** Python 3.11-3.13 for new projects
- Never use Python 2 syntax or patterns
- Use modern features: match statements, walrus operator, type hints

## Dependency Management

Check for uv first, fall back to pip:
```bash
# Prefer uv if available
if command -v uv &>/dev/null; then
    uv pip install <package>
    uv pip compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt
else
    pip install <package>
fi
```

For new projects with uv: `uv init` or `uv venv && source .venv/bin/activate`

## Pythonic Patterns

```python
# ✅ List/dict comprehensions over loops
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
lookup = {item.id: item for item in items}

# ✅ Context managers for resources
with open("file.txt") as f:
    data = f.read()

# ✅ Unpacking
first, *rest = items
a, b = b, a  # swap

# ✅ EAFP over LBYL
try:
    value = d[key]
except KeyError:
    value = default

# ✅ f-strings for formatting
msg = f"Hello {name}, you have {count} items"

# ✅ Type hints
def process(items: list[str]) -> dict[str, int]:
    ...

# ✅ dataclasses/attrs for data containers
from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class User:
    name: str
    email: str
    active: bool = True

# ✅ pathlib over os.path
from pathlib import Path
config = Path.home() / ".config" / "app.json"

# ✅ enumerate, zip, itertools
for i, item in enumerate(items):
    ...
for a, b in zip(list1, list2, strict=True):
    ...
```

## Anti-patterns to Avoid

```python
# ❌ Mutable default arguments
def bad(items=[]):  # Bug: shared across calls
    ...
def good(items=None):
    items = items or []

# ❌ Bare except
try:
    ...
except:  # Catches SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt
    ...
except Exception:  # Better
    ...

# ❌ Global state
# ❌ from module import * 
# ❌ String concatenation in loops (use join)
# ❌ == None (use `is None`)
# ❌ len(x) == 0 (use `not x`)
```

## Testing

- Use pytest (preferred) or unittest
- Name test files `test_*.py`, test functions `test_*`
- Aim for focused unit tests, mock external dependencies
- Run before every commit: `python -m pytest -v`

## Docstrings

```python
def fetch_user(user_id: int, include_deleted: bool = False) -> User | None:
    """Fetch a user by ID from the database.
    
    Args:
        user_id: The unique user identifier.
        include_deleted: If True, include soft-deleted users.
    
    Returns:
        User object if found, None otherwise.
    
    Raises:
        DatabaseError: If connection fails.
    """
```

## Quick Checklist

- [ ] Syntax valid (`py_compile`)
- [ ] Tests pass (`pytest`)
- [ ] Type hints on public functions
- [ ] No hardcoded secrets
- [ ] f-strings, not `.format()` or `%`
- [ ] `pathlib` for file paths
- [ ] Context managers for I/O
- [ ] No mutable default args

مجوز

مجوز اعلام‌شده: MIT

MIT License

Copyright (c) 2026 openclaw

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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